Bioleaching review part B: Progress in bioleaching. iron at the proper season into a certain fountain, commonly called Zifferbrunnen, it is consumed into rust. Bioleaching of Copper 25 Fig. 2.1. Agglomeration drums at the Quebrada Blanca Operation, Chile. An interesting phenomenon associated with agglomeration is that some cop. Page 1. Bioleaching of chalcopyrite By Woranart Jonglertjunya A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY.
Bioleaching |author. STREAMbioleaching : bioleaching Smratee malode. Guided by , M. Sc [BT] III SEM. Assistant Professor. Ms. Sujatha. R contents : contents Introduction. Microorganisms involved. Factors affecting.
Sonobioleaching. References Leaching : Leaching Minerals and its mining : Minerals and its mining Chuquicamata, chile : Chuquicamata, chile Site of the largest and the deepest open pit copper mines in the world. Carrara, italy : Carrara, italy Marble quarry coquina : coquina Quarry wyoming : wyoming Coal strip mine Impacts of mining : Impacts of mining Northern minnesota (acid mine drainage) : Northern minnesota (acid mine drainage) Located between Northern Shore of Lake Superior and the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. Geita gold mine philippines : philippines Healthy rice field in Oriental Mindoro; Left- Barren rice field philippines : philippines Impact of Marcopper Corporation tailings Bioleaching : Bioleaching history : history 1. OOO B. C. 1. 99. 0s Principle of bioleaching : Principle of bioleaching Slide 1.
Low p. H 2. Fe. 3+ + H2. O & e- A. & L. ATP by ferrous iron oxidation 2 Fe. O2 + 2. H+ Fe. 2+ Fe. Reduced e- source Oxidised e- source Oxidised.
Reduced. e- acceptor e- Precursor Temp. H+ H+ Generally O2 H2. O e- ADP ATP H+ H+ Energy releasing. Slide 2. 0: These microorganisms actually gain energy by breaking down minerals into their constituent elements. Bioleaching by microorganisms takes place owing to destruction of a crystal lattice of minerals, composing solid. Microorganisms take elements necessary for feeding and construction of a cell from a crystal lattice.
This shakes of a lattice are causes the destruction of a mineral. Direct and indirect mechanisms of bioleaching : Direct and indirect mechanisms of bioleaching Electrochemical mechanism : Electrochemical mechanism REACTIONS INVOLVED : REACTIONS INVOLVED Generation of ferric ions in indirect bioleaching.
Application of bioleaching to copper mining in Chile. Early application of bioleaching to copper mining. Although iron and/or sulphur oxidizing. What is bioleaching? • Conversion of insoluble metal sulfides into water-soluble metal. • The bacteria oxidise ferrous iron (Fe2+) and sulphur (S). Bioleaching of chalcopyrite By Woranart Jonglertjunya A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY. 8 Microbial Leaching of Metals HELMUT BRANDL Zürich. 4.3 Factors Influencing Bioleaching 197. iron oxidation by iron-oxidizing organisms).
Fe. SO4 + O2 + 2. H2. SO4 2. Fe. 2(SO4)3 + 2. H2. O. Cu. 2S + 2. Fe. SO4)3 2.
Bioleaching Of Iron Pdf Reader
Bioleaching Of Iron Pdf Download
Cu. SO4 +2. Fe. SO4 +S0. Direct bioleaching invoves. Cu. S +2. O2 T.
Ferroxidans Cu. SO4 Biofilm formation : Biofilm formation Experiment conducted by Schaeffer, Holbert And Umbreit in 1. Experiment conducted by Schaeffer, Holbert And Umbreit in 1.
- Low pH 2Fe3+ + H2O & e- A. & L. ferrooxidans forming ATP by ferrous iron oxidation 2 Fe2+ + 0.5O2. The future of Bioleaching Isolate new. 12_08.pdf http.
- Bioleaching is the extraction of metals from their ores through the use of living organisms. Bioleaching can involve numerous ferrous iron and sulfur oxidizing.
- Bioleaching - Download as Word Doc (.doc /.docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online. Bioleaching is the commercialization of the ability of certain.
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Surface of crystal prior to exposure to bacteria Surface of crystal after exposure to bacteria. Comparison of crystal with high and low innoculum of bacteria. Comparison of crystal with high and low innoculum of bacteria. Surface of another crystal of sulfur after incubation with low innoculum of Thiobacillus Thiooxidans. Surface of sulfur crystal after incubation with high innoculum of Thiobacillus Thiooxidans. Organisms involved : Organisms involved Slide 2. Mesophiles - (Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and species of Ferroplasma).
Moderately thermophilic bacteria- (Sulfobacillus and Acidithiobacillus cladus). Extremophiles- ( Acidianusbrierleyi, Sulfolobus metallicus and Metallosphaera sedula.) Organisms involved can be conveniently classified into: Scanning electron micrograph : Scanning electron micrograph Cork screw shaped Leptospirllium and mesophilic rod shaped bacteria embedded in biofilm on ore particle. Scanning electron micrograph of moderately thermopile bacteria : Scanning electron micrograph of moderately thermopile bacteria Bacterial cells are 2- 5 micrometer long and 0. Scanning electron micrograph of Acidianus brierly; an extremophilic thermophiles : Growing on molybdenite Scanning electron micrograph of Acidianus brierly; an extremophilic thermophiles common Features of organisms involved : common Features of organisms involved Single- celled organisms. Chemosynthetic metabolism.
Derive carbon dio- oxide, oxygen from atmosphere. Requires acidic p.
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H. thiobacillus : thiobacillus Thiobacillus ferrooxidans : Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Identifying Characteristics : Identifying Characteristics Strictly aerobic. Gram- negative. Polarly flagellated. Cells are 0. 3 to. Non- spore forming.
Best growth at 2. C. Able to oxidize sulfide, elemental S, thiosulfate, and polythionate. Cont… : Cont… Obligate autotrophs (cannot grow with organic carbon as an electron and carbon source). A few species grow on organic compounds. Grow best at neutral p. H. Some spp. are able to live in highly acidic environments. Responsible for acid mine drainage due to the metabolism of coal spoil piles causing the production of sulfuric acid.
Some spp. are able to utilize iron as an energy source. Some spp. are able to carry out denitrification. Yellow and red zones below a hot spring in yellowstone national park. Yellow and red zones below a hot spring in yellowstone national park.
Where large populations of thermal- tolerant thiobacilli have grown by oxidizing reduced sulfur and iron in the water. Engineering of Bioleaching Process : Engineering of Bioleaching Process Dump leaching on a slope : Dump leaching on a slope Dump ore leaching : Dump ore leaching Slide 4. In –situ bioleaching HEAP LEACHING : HEAP LEACHING FACTORS EFFECTING BIOMINING: : FACTORS EFFECTING BIOMINING: Success of biomining and efficiency in recovery of minerals depends on various factors some of which are discussed below. Choice of Bacteria - This is the most important factor that determines the success of bioleaching. Suitable bacteria that can survive at high temperatures, acid concentrations, high concentrations of heavy metals, remaining active under such circumstances, are to be selected to ensure successful bioleaching. Crystal Lattice Energy - This determines the mechanical stability and degree of solubility of the sulfides. The sulfide ores with lower crystal lattice energy have higher solubility, hence, are easily extracted into solution by the action of bacteria.
Surface Area - Rate of oxidation by the bacteria depends on the particle size of the ore. The rate increases with reduction in size of the ore and vice- versa. Cont… : Cont… (d)Ore Composition – Composition of ore such as concentration of sulfides, amount of mineral present, and the extent of contamination, has direct effect on the rate of bio- oxidation being selected. The rate of biooxidation is reduced significantly if the temperature is above or below the optimum temperature.
Acidity - Biooxidation requires a p. H of 2. 5- 3 for maximum results. The rate of biooxidation decreases significantly if the p. H is not in this range since the activity of acidophilic bacteria is reduced. Temperature - The bacteria used in biomining are either mesophilic or thermophilic. Optimum temperature is required for biooxidation to proceed at a fast rate.
Optimum temperature range for a given bacteria is between 2. C depending on the type of ore Slide 4. Aeration - The bacteria used in biomining are aerobic thus require an abundant supply of oxygen for survival and growth. Oxygen can be provided by aerators and pipes. Mechanical agitation is also an effective method to provide continuous air supply uniformly and also to mix the contents. Solid- liquid Ratio - The ratio of ore/sulfide to the leach solution (water + acid solution + bacteria inoculum) should be maintained at optimum level to ensure that biooxidation proceeds at maximum speed. The leach solution containing leached minerals should be removed periodically and replaced with new solution.
Surfactants - Adding small amounts of surfactants like Tween 2. The surfactants decrease the surface tension of the leach solution, thus, wetting the ore and resulting in increased bacterial contact which ultimately increases the rate of biooxidation. Extraction of copper, gold and uranium : Extraction of copper, gold and uranium Copper leaching : Copper leaching Copper dump bioleach operation at.
Bingham Canyon mine near salt lake city, Utah. Copper dump bioleach operation at.
Bingham Canyon mine near salt lake city, Utah. Reactions involved in copper bioleaching : Reactions involved in copper bioleaching 4. Fe. SO4 + O2 + 2. H2. SO4 2. Fe. 2(SO4)3 + 2. H2. O. Cu. Fe. S2 (chalcopyrite)+2.
Fe. 2(SO4)3 Cu. SO4 +5. Fe. SO4 + 2. S0. Fe. S2 (pyrite) + Fe. SO4)3 3. Fe. SO4 +2. S0. Cu.
O (tenorite) + 2. H2. SO4 Cu. SO4 + H2. O. Cu. S (covellite) + 2. O2 Cu.
SO4 URANIUM MINING : URANIUM MINING According to the World Nuclear Association, the largest national share of nuclear reserve was. Australia (1,2. 43,0. Kazakhstan (8. 17,0. Russia (5. 46,0. 00 t, 1. South Africa (4. 35,0. Canada (4. 23,0. 00 t, 8%).
USA (3. 42,0. 00 t, 6%). Brazil (2. 78,0. 00 t, 5%). Namibia (2. 75,0. Niger (2. 74,0. 00 t, 5%). Ukraine (2. 00,0.
Jordan (1. 12,0. 00 t, 2%). Cont…… : Cont…… With current technology, there are three main techniques in use for uranium mining. These are open pit mining, underground mining, and in situ leach mining. In open pit mining, the land above the material is blasted and dug away to reveal the ore body. After they have found the fuel deposit, it will be blasted, excavated and removed with dump trucks. Underground mining is carried with access tunnels, and drilling and blasting.
In situ leach mining involves drilling boreholes down into an ore body, pumping a leaching fluid into the ore and then pumping the resulting solution to the surface to extract the uranium. The leaching fluid is sometimes a combination of acids or sometimes alkaline solution. The type of the solution used depends on the type of the ore body. Slide 5. 4: UO2 + 2. H2. SO4 +Fe. 2(SO4)3 UO2(SO4)3 +2. Fe. SO4+ 4. H+. sss Gold mining : Gold mining Biooxidation (Pretreatment process). Chemical leaching by cyanide solution.
Cyanidation Process: 2. Au +4. CN- +O2 2. Au(CN)2. 4. Au+8. S2. O3. 2- +O2+2. H2. O 4. Au(S2. O3)3- +4. OH- Slide 5.
Stacking microbially- inoculated, sulfidic- refractory gold ore at newmount gold quarry mine in nevada.